One Person Company (OPC) Registration
A One Person Company (OPC) is a revolutionary business structure introduced under the Companies Act, 2013, to empower solo entrepreneurs by providing them the benefits of a company without the complexities of managing multiple stakeholders.
This structure bridges the gap between sole proprietorships and private limited companies, offering the best of both worlds: the flexibility and autonomy of a sole proprietorship and the limited liability protection of a private limited company. OPCs are especially suitable for small businesses, startups, and solo professionals looking for a simple, scalable, and secure business framework.
Evolution of the Concept
The One Person Company concept was introduced in India through the Companies Act, 2013, inspired by similar provisions in countries like the UK, USA, and Australia. The goal was to encourage individual entrepreneurs to formalize their businesses by offering limited liability protection and enabling access to structured credit and investments.
Major Conditions for Incorporation of OPC
Must be a natural person, Indian citizen, and resident of India (staying in India for at least 182 days in the preceding calendar year).
A person can incorporate only one One Person Company (OPC) as per the legal regulations, ensuring that no individual is allowed to register more than one OPC at a time.
A person can be a nominee in only one One Person Company (OPC) at a time, as per legal regulations, ensuring that an individual cannot be nominated in multiple OPCs simultaneously.
If a person becomes a member in another OPC as a nominee, they must comply with the eligibility condition within 180 days.
Other Provisions Related to OPC
Minimum Requirements
Minimum One Director
Minimum One Nominee
NNo Minimum Capital Required
DSC of the Director
Director Shall Be an Indian Resident
Advantages
Limited Liability Protection
Separate Legal Entity
Single Ownership
Quicker Actions
Continued Existence
Registration Process
The SPICe+ form is the prescribed method for registering a One Person Company.
Application for Name Reservation :
- Reserve the company's name using Part A of the SPICe+ form on the MCA portal.
- Ensure the name complies with MCA guidelines and is unique.
Filing the SPICe+ Form (Part B) :
- Fill in details regarding the Director, nominee, registered office address, and proposed business activities.
- Affix the Digital Signature Certificate (DSC) of the Director.
Submission of Nominee Consent (Form INC-3) :
- File Form INC-3 with details and consent from the nominee. This is a mandatory requirement for OPC registration.
Document Submission and Verification :
- Upload all required documents and forms on the MCA portal.
Certificate of Incorporation Issuance :
- Upon successful verification, the Registrar of Companies (ROC) issues the Certificate of Incorporation, along with the company’s PAN and TAN.
Documents Required
To facilitate a seamless registration process, please ensure that the necessary documents are readily available.
Passport-size Photograph of the sole owner.
Director Identification Number
Digital Signature Certificate.
PAN Card
Passport / Voter ID / Aadhaar Card / Driving License
Bank Statement / Electricity Bill / Telephone Bill / Mobile Bill.
NOC from Landlord, Lease Agreement, and Utility Bill.
NOC from Owner, Property Title Deed, and Utility Bill.
Nominee Details: Identity proof, address proof, and consent from the nominee
Passport-size Photograph of the sole owner.
Director Identification Number
Digital Signature Certificate.
PAN Card
Passport / Voter ID / Aadhaar Card / Driving License
Bank Statement / Electricity Bill / Telephone Bill / Mobile Bill.
NOC from Landlord, Lease Agreement, and Utility Bill.
NOC from Owner, Property Title Deed, and Utility Bill.
Nominee Details: Identity proof, address proof, and consent from the nominee
Passport-size Photograph of the sole owner.
Director Identification Number
Digital Signature Certificate.
PAN Card
Passport / Voter ID / Aadhaar Card / Driving License
Bank Statement / Electricity Bill / Telephone Bill / Mobile Bill.
NOC from Landlord, Lease Agreement, and Utility Bill.
NOC from Owner, Property Title Deed, and Utility Bill.
Nominee Details: Identity proof, address proof, and consent from the nominee
Passport-size Photograph of the sole owner.
Director Identification Number
Digital Signature Certificate.
PAN Card
Passport / Voter ID / Aadhaar Card / Driving License
Bank Statement / Electricity Bill / Telephone Bill / Mobile Bill.
NOC from Landlord, Lease Agreement, and Utility Bill.
NOC from Owner, Property Title Deed, and Utility Bill.
Nominee Details: Identity proof, address proof, and consent from the nominee
Post-Incorporation Compliance
Registering a Private Limited Company ensures
- Current Bank Account : Open a bank account in the name of the OPC.
- GST Registration (if applicable) : Mandatory for businesses crossing the prescribed turnover threshold.
- Annual Compliance : File annual returns and financial statements with the ROC.
- Conversion to Private Limited Company : An OPC can be converted to a Private Limited Company if its paid-up share capital exceeds ₹50 lakh or its turnover exceed ₹2 crore.
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